Do you know what exactly affects the performance and lifespan of lithium batteries?

People often ask online, 'Why do lithium batteries have a shorter lifespan in winter than in summer?' Here are the answers from lithium battery manufacturers.

There is currently no clear theory to support the internal resistance, discharge plateau, lifespan, and capacity of lithium batteries at different temperatures. The relevant calculation formulas and mathematical models are still in the exploratory stage. Generally speaking, lithium batteries are not sensitive to temperatures between 0-40 degrees Celsius. However, once the temperature exceeds this range, the lifespan and capacity of lithium batteries will decrease.

There is no way to quantify it specifically because lithium batteries are too active and consistency is a major issue. Even the same batch of products, the same materials, and the same process can have very different performance.

A large number of experiments have been conducted, and the low-temperature performance of lithium batteries made of different materials also varies. At present, the hot selling lithium iron phosphate is extremely poor at low temperatures. At -10 ℃, the release capacity of our product is 89% of its maximum capacity. It should already be relatively high in industry, with an output capacity of 95% at 55 ℃, while the attenuation at lower temperatures is still relatively small. This is still a product that needs to be inspected. As we all know, the quality of a normal production line is much higher than that of a regular production line.

Lithium manganese oxide, cobalt lithium, and ternary compounds have better low-temperature performance at the cost of high-temperature performance, but are also limited. At present, lithium iron phosphate has high safety and high temperature performance in the industry, but in fact, its battery activity is not as high as the above three performance indicators, making it relatively safe. The overall performance is not as good as lithium manganese or ternary alloys.

Therefore, the usage time of lithium batteries in winter must be shorter than in summer.

By the way, it's best not to charge lithium batteries in winter. Due to the low temperature, lithium ions embedded on the negative electrode will undergo ion crystallization and directly penetrate the separator. Usually causes micro short circuits, affecting lifespan and performance. To be honest, bang! So some people believe that charging lithium batteries cannot be done in winter. Some batteries with battery management systems are due to product protection, while others are due to quality issues. It is said that ATL (a domestic leader who has just invested in Apple) has also experienced such a situation with its products.